The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Volume 139, Issue 3 , Pages 612-620 , March 2010

Determination of the minimum number of lymph nodes to examine to maximize survival in patients with esophageal carcinoma: Data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database

  • Shawn S. Groth, MD

      Affiliations

    • University of Minnesota Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Foregut Surgery, Minneapolis, Minn
    • ,
  • Beth A. Virnig, PhD

      Affiliations

    • University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Division of Health Policy and Management, Minneapolis, Minn
    • University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minn
    • ,
  • Bryan A. Whitson, MD

      Affiliations

    • University of Minnesota Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Foregut Surgery, Minneapolis, Minn
    • ,
  • Todd E. DeFor, MS

      Affiliations

    • University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minn
    • ,
  • Zhong-ze Li, MS

      Affiliations

    • University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minn
    • ,
  • Todd M. Tuttle, MD

      Affiliations

    • University of Minnesota Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Foregut Surgery, Minneapolis, Minn
    • University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minn
    • ,
  • Michael A. Maddaus, MD

      Affiliations

    • University of Minnesota Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Foregut Surgery, Minneapolis, Minn
    • University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minn
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress for reprints: Michael A. Maddaus, MD, University of Minnesota Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, MMC 207, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455.

Received 12 November 2008 ,Revised 27 May 2009 ,Accepted 6 July 2009.

References 

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  6. Bollschweiler E, Baldus SE, Schroder W, Schneider PM, Holscher AH. Staging of esophageal carcinoma: length of tumor and number of involved regional lymph nodes. Are these independent prognostic factors?. J Surg Oncol. 2006;94:355–363
  7. Greenstein AJ, Litle VR, Swanson SJ, Divino CM, Packer S, Wisnivesky JP. Effect of the number of lymph nodes sampled on postoperative survival of lymph node-negative esophageal cancer. Cancer. 2008;112:1239–1246
  8. Peyre CG, Hagen JA, DeMeester SR, Altorki NK, Ancona E, Griffin SM, et al. The number of lymph nodes removed predicts survival in esophageal cancer: an international study on the impact of extent of surgical resection. Ann Surg. 2008;248:549–556
  9. Schwarz RE, Smith DD. Clinical impact of lymphadenectomy extent in resectable esophageal cancer. J Gastrointest Surg. 2007;11:1384–1393discussion 93-4
  10. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Esophageal Cancer, VI 2008. Available at: http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/PDF/esophageal.pdf. Updated March 12, 2008. Accessed May 1, 2008.
  11. Habr-Gama A, Perez RO, Proscurshim I, Rawet V, Pereira DD, Sousa AH, et al. Absence of lymph nodes in the resected specimen after radical surgery for distal rectal cancer and neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy: what does it mean?. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008;51:277–283
  12. Altorki N, Kent M, Ferrara C, Port J. Three-field lymph node dissection for squamous cell and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Ann Surg. 2002;236:177–183
  13. Rizk N, Venkatraman E, Park B, Flores R, Bains MS, Rusch V. The prognostic importance of the number of involved lymph nodes in esophageal cancer: implications for revisions of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006;132:1374–1381
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  16. Tanisada K, Teshima T, Ikeda H, Abe M, Owen JB, Hanks GE, et al. A preliminary outcome analysis of the Patterns of Care Study in Japan for esophageal cancer patients with special reference to age: non surgery group. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000;46:1223–1233
  17. Steyerberg EW, Neville B, Weeks JC, Earle CC. Referral patterns, treatment choices, and outcomes in locoregional esophageal cancer: a population-based analysis of elderly patients. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:2389–2396
  18. Thirion PG, Michiels S, Le Maître A, Tierney J MetaAnalysis of Chemotherapy in Esophagus Cancer Collaborative Group. Individual patient data-based meta-analysis assessing preoperative chemotherapy in resectable oesophageal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(18S):4512
  19. Schipper PH, Cassivi SD, Deschamps C, Rice DC, Nichols FC, Allen MS, et al. Locally recurrent esophageal carcinoma: when is re-resection indicated?. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;80:1001–1005discussion 5-6
  20. Barbour AP, Rizk NP, Gonen M, Tang L, Bains MS, Rusch VW, et al. Adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction: influence of esophageal resection margin and operative approach on outcome. Ann Surg. 2007;246:1–8
  21. Mariette C, Taillier G, Van Seuningen I, Triboulet JP. Factors affecting postoperative course and survival after en bloc resection for esophageal carcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004;78:1177–1183
  22. Connors RC, Reuben BC, Neumayer LA, Bull DA. Comparing outcomes after transthoracic and transhiatal esophagectomy: a 5-year prospective cohort of 17,395 patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;205:735–740
  23. Birkmeyer JD, Sun Y, Wong SL, Stukel TA. Hospital volume and late survival after cancer surgery. Ann Surg. 2007;245:777–783

 Disclosures: None.

PII: S0022-5223(09)00932-5

doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.07.017

The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Volume 139, Issue 3 , Pages 612-620 , March 2010

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