The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Volume 137, Issue 3 , Pages 529-537 , March 2009

Brain maturation is delayed in infants with complex congenital heart defects

  • Daniel J. Licht, MD

      Affiliations

    • Divison of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress for reprints: Daniel J. Licht, MD, Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3535 Market St, Room 1433, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
    • ,
  • David M. Shera, ScD

      Affiliations

    • Divison of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    • ,
  • Robert R. Clancy, MD

      Affiliations

    • Divison of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    • ,
  • Gil Wernovsky, MD

      Affiliations

    • Divison of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    • ,
  • Lisa M. Montenegro, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    • ,
  • Susan C. Nicolson, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    • ,
  • Robert A. Zimmerman, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Neuroradiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    • ,
  • Thomas L. Spray, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    • ,
  • J. William Gaynor, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    • ,
  • Arastoo Vossough, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Neuroradiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Received 8 May 2008 ,Revised 23 September 2008 ,Accepted 26 October 2008.

  • Image Result

    Scoring samples. A, Block arrows point to deep frontal and interhemispheric sulcation (score = C4); arrowhead demonstrates posterior limb of internal capsule with myelination (score = M3). B, Arrows p

    Scoring samples. A, Block arrows point to deep frontal and interhemispheric sulcation (score = C4); arrowhead demonstrates posterior limb of internal capsule with myelination (score = M3). B, Arrows point to germinal matrix still present in posterior (white arrow) and anterior (black arrow) lateral ventricle (score = GM1). C, Arrows demonstrate 2 bands of migrating glial cells (score B1). D, Bilaterally underdeveloped opercular spaces (white arrow).

  • Image Result
    Interrater reliability. Bland-Altman plot demonstrating interrater differences. The mean difference was −0.35 ± 0.7 (dotted lines, bold = mean, light = 2 standard deviations from mean). TMS, Total mat

    Interrater reliability. Bland-Altman plot demonstrating interrater differences. The mean difference was −0.35 ± 0.7 (dotted lines, bold = mean, light = 2 standard deviations from mean). TMS, Total maturation score.

  • Image Result
    TMS. Box and whisker plots comparing the TMS of infants with CHD (open box, far right) to typically developing infants represented in the solid boxes (dark gray 38–43 weeks GA, light gray 36–37 weeks

    TMS. Box and whisker plots comparing the TMS of infants with CHD (open box, far right) to typically developing infants represented in the solid boxes (dark gray 38–43 weeks GA, light gray 36–37 weeks GA). TMS, Total maturation score; CHD, congenital heart defect.

 Dr Licht is supported by Grant K23-NS052380.

PII: S0022-5223(08)01749-2

doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.10.025

The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Volume 137, Issue 3 , Pages 529-537 , March 2009

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