The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Volume 137, Issue 5 , Pages 1077-1081 , May 2009

Mitral leaflet anatomy revisited

  • Jason L. Quill, BS

      Affiliations

    • Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn
  • ,
  • Alexander J. Hill, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Medtronic, Inc, Minneapolis, Minn
  • ,
  • Timothy G. Laske, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Medtronic, Inc, Minneapolis, Minn
  • ,
  • Ottavio Alfieri, MD

      Affiliations

    • San Raffaele Hospital of Milan, Milan, Italy
  • ,
  • Paul A. Iaizzo, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress for reprints: Paul A. Iaizzo, PhD, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, B172 Mayo, MMC 107, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455.

Received 15 May 2008 ,Revised 25 August 2008 ,Accepted 8 October 2008.

References 

  1. Carpentier A. Cardiac valve surgery—the “French correction”. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1983;86:323–337
  2. Carpentier A, Branchini B, Cour JC, Asfaou E, Villani M, Deloche A, et al. Congenital malformations of the mitral valve in children. Pathology and surgical treatment. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1976;72:854–866
  3. Ranganathan N, Lam JH, Wigle ED, Silver MD. Morphology of the human mitral valve. II. The value leaflets. Circulation. 1970;41:459–467
  4. Lam JH, Ranganathan N, Wigle ED, Silver MD. Morphology of the human mitral valve. I. Chordae tendineae: a new classification. Circulation. 1970;41:449–458
  5. Chiechi M, Lees W, Thompson R. Functional anatomy of the normal mitral valve. J Thorac Surg. 1956;32:378
  6. Kumar N, Kumar M, Duran CM. A revised terminology for recording surgical findings of the mitral valve. J Heart Valve Dis. 1995;4:70–75discussion 76-7
  7. In:  Wilcox BR,  Cook AC,  Anderson RH editor. Surgical anatomy of the heart. 3rd ed.. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2004;
  8. Hill AJ, Laske TG, Coles JA, Sigg DC, Skadsberg ND, Vincent SA, et al. In vitro studies of human hearts. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;79:168–177
  9. Garcia-Orta R, Moreno E, Vidal M, Ruiz-Lopez F, Oyonarte JM, Lara J, et al. Three-dimensional versus two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in mitral valve repair. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2007;20:4–12
  10. Sugeng L, Coon P, Weinert L, Jolly N, Lammertin G, Bednarz JE, et al. Use of real-time 3-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in the evaluation of mitral valve disease. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2006;19:413–421
  11. Ryan LP, Salgo IS, Gorman RC, Gorman JH. The emerging role of three-dimensional echocardiography in mitral valve repair. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006;18:126–134
  12. Roberts WC. Morphologic features of the normal and abnormal mitral valve. Am J Cardiol. 1983;51:1005–1028
  13. Yiu SF, Enriquez-Sarano M, Tribouilloy C, Seward JB, Tajik AJ. Determinants of the degree of functional mitral regurgitation in patients with systolic left ventricular dysfunction: a quantitative clinical study. Circulation. 2000;102:1400–1406
  14. Hickey AJ, Wilcken DE, Wright JS, Warren BA. Primary (spontaneous) chordal rupture: Relation to myxomatous valve disease and mitral valve prolapse. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1985;5:1341–1346
  15. Kono T, Sabbah HN, Rosman H, Alam M, Jafri S, Goldstein S. Left ventricular shape is the primary determinant of functional mitral regurgitation in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20:1594–1598
  16. Stuge O, Liddicoat J. Emerging opportunities for cardiac surgeons within structural heart disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006;132:1258–1261
  17. Babaliaros V, Block P. State of the art percutaneous intervention for the treatment of valvular heart disease: a review of the current technologies and ongoing research in the field of percutaneous valve replacement and repair. Cardiology. 2007;107:87–96
  18. Feldman T, Leon MB. Prospects for percutaneous valve therapies. Circulation. 2007;116:2866–2877
  19. Nakanishi K, Raman J, Hata M, Buxton B. Early outcome with the alfieri mitral valve repair. J Cardiol. 2001;37:263–266
  20. Alfieri O, Maisano F, De Bonis M, Stefano PL, Torracca L, Opizzi M, et al. The double-orifice technique in mitral valve repair: a simple solution for complex problems. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001;122:674–681
  21. Alfieri O, Maisano F. An effective technique to correct anterior mitral leaflet prolapse. J Card Surg. 1999;14:468–470
  22. Alfieri O, Maisano F, Colombo A. Percutaneous mitral valve repair procedures. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2004;26:S36–S37discussion S37-8
  23. Alfieri O, De Bonis M, Lapenna E, Regesta T, Maisano F, Torracca L, et al. “Edge-to-edge” repair for anterior mitral leaflet prolapse. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004;16:182–187
  24. Alfieri O, Maisano F, Colombo A, Pappone C, La Canna G, Zangrillo A. Percutaneous mitral valve repair: an attractive perspective and an opportunity for teamwork. Ital Heart J. 2004;5:723–726

 This work was supported in part by the Institute for Engineering in Medicine at the University of Minnesota and by Medtronic, Inc.

PII: S0022-5223(08)01670-X

doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.10.008

The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Volume 137, Issue 5 , Pages 1077-1081 , May 2009