The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Volume 136, Issue 3 , Pages 605-610 , September 2008

The impact of lymph node station on survival in 348 patients with surgically resected malignant pleural mesothelioma: Implications for revision of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system

  • Raja M. Flores, MD

      Affiliations

    • Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress for reprints: Raja M. Flores, MD, Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Room C-879, New York, NY 10021.
  • ,
  • Tom Routledge, MD

      Affiliations

    • Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
  • ,
  • Venkatraman E. Seshan, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Biostatistics Service, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
  • ,
  • Joseph Dycoco, BA

      Affiliations

    • Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
  • ,
  • Maureen Zakowski, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
  • ,
  • Yael Hirth

      Affiliations

    • Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
  • ,
  • Valerie W. Rusch, MD

      Affiliations

    • Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York

Received 3 May 2007 ,Revised 18 October 2007 ,Accepted 12 February 2008.

References 

  1. American Joint Committee on Cancer . In:  Greene FL,  Page DL,  Fleming ID,  Fritz AG,  Balch CM,  Haller DG editor. AJCC Cancer Staging Handbook. 6th ed.. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2002;
  2. Allen KB, Faber LP, Warren WH. Malignant pleural mesothelioma. Extrapleural pneumonectomy and pleurectomy. Chest Surg Clin N Am. 1994;4:113–126
  3. Boutin C, Rey F, Gouvernet J, Viallat J-R, Astoul P, Ledoray V. Thoracoscopy in pleural malignant mesothelioma: a prospective study of 188 consecutive patients. Part 2: Prognosis and staging. Cancer. 1993;72:394–404
  4. Butchart EG, Ashcroft T, Barnsley WC, Holden MP. Pleuropneumonectomy in the management of diffuse malignant mesothelioma of the pleura. Experience with 29 patients. Thorax. 1976;31:15–24
  5. Ruffie P, Feld R, Minkin S, Cormier Y, Boutan-Laroze A, Ginsberg R, et al. Diffuse malignant mesothelioma of the pleura in Ontario and Quebec: a retrospective study of 332 patients. J Clin Oncol. 1989;7:1157–1168
  6. Sugarbaker DJ, Strauss GM, Lynch TJ, Richards W, Mentzer SJ, Lee TH, et al. Node status has prognostic significance in the multimodality therapy of diffuse, malignant mesothelioma. J Clin Oncol. 1993;11:1172–1178
  7. Rusch VW, Piantadosi S, Holmes EC. The role of extrapleural pneumonectomy in malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1991;102:1–9
  8. Pass HI, Temeck BK, Kranda K, Steinberg SM, Feuerstein IR. Preoperative tumor volume is associated with outcome in malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998;115:310–318
  9. Pass HI, Temeck BK, Kranda K, Thomas G, Russo A, Smith P, et al. Phase III randomized trial of surgery with or without intraoperative photodynamic therapy and postoperative immunochemotherapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Ann Surg Oncol. 1997;4:628–633
  10. Rusch VW, Venkatraman E. The importance of surgical staging in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1996;111:815–826
  11. Rusch VW, Venkatraman ES. Important prognostic factors in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma, managed surgically. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;68:1799–1804
  12. Tammilehto L. Malignant mesothelioma: prognostic factors in a prospective study of 98 patients. Lung Cancer. 1992;8:175–184
  13. Rusch VW. The International Mesothelioma Interest Group. A proposed new international TNM staging system for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Chest. 1995;108:1122–1128
  14. Sugarbaker DJ, Flores RM, Jaklitsch MT, Richards WG, Strauss GM, Corson JM, et al. Resection margins, extrapleural nodal status, and cell type determine postoperative long-term survival in trimodality therapy of malignant pleural mesothelioma: results of 183 patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1999;117:54–65
  15. Mountain CF, Dresler CM. Regional lymph node classification for lung cancer staging. Chest. 1997;111:1718–1723
  16. Parungo CP, Colson YL, Kim S-W, Kim S, Cohn LH, Bawendi MG, et al. Sentinel lymph node mapping of the pleural space. Chest. 2005;127:1799–1804
  17. Parungo CP, Ohnishi S, De Grand AM, Laurence RG, Soltesz EG, Colson YL, et al. In vivo optical imaging of pleural space drainage to lymph nodes of prognostic significance. Ann Surg Oncol. 2004;11:1085–1092
  18. Okiemy G, Foucault C, Avisse C, Hidden G, Riquet M. Lymphatic drainage of the diaphragmatic pleura to the peritracheobronchial lymph nodes. Surg Radiol Anat. 2003;35:32–35
  19. Edwards JG, Stewart DJ, Martin-Ucar A, Muller S, Richards C, Waller DA. The pattern of lymph node involvement influences outcome after extrapleural pneumonectomy for malignant mesothelioma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006;131:981–987
  20. de Perrot M, Uy K, Anraku M, Tsao M-S, Darling G, Waddell TK, et al. Impact of lymph node metastasis on outcome after extrapleural pneumonectomy for malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007;133:111–116
  21. Aziz T, Jilaihawi A, Prakash D. The management of malignant pleural mesothelioma: single centre experience in 10 years. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2002;22:298–305
  22. Flores RM, Krug LM, Rosenzweig KE, Venkatraman E, Vincent A, Heelan R, et al. Induction chemotherapy, extrapleural pneumonectomy, and postoperative high-dose radiotherapy for locally advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma: a phase II trial. J Thorac Oncol. 2006;1:289–295
  23. Weder W, Kestenholz P, Taverna C, Bodis S, Lardinois D, Jerman M, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by extrapleural pneumonectomy in malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:3451–3457
  24. Okamoto H, Watanabe K, Nagatomo A, Kunikane H, Aono H, Yamagata T, et al. Endobronchial ultrasonography for mediastinal and hilar lymph node metastases of lung cancer. Chest. 2002;121:1498–1506
  25. Annema JT, Versteegh MI, Veseliτ M, Welker L, Mauad T, Sont JK, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound added to mediastinoscopy for preoperative staging of patients with lung cancer. J Am Med Assoc. 2005;294:931–936
  26. Vogelzang NJ, Rusthoven J, Symanowski J, Denham C, Kaukel E, Ruffie P, et al. Phase III study of pemetrexed in combination with cisplatin versus cisplatin alone in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:2636–2644
  27. Schouwink JH, Kool LS, Rutgers EJ, Zoetmulder FA, Van Zandwijk N, de Vijver MJ, et al. The value of chest computer tomography and cervical mediastinoscopy in the preoperative assessment of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;75:1715–1719

 Presented at the 87th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Thoracic Surgery 2007, Washington, DC.

PII: S0022-5223(08)00824-6

doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.02.069

The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Volume 136, Issue 3 , Pages 605-610 , September 2008