The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Volume 136, Issue 4 , Pages 820-833 , October 2008

Energy loss for evaluating heart valve performance

  • Cary W. Akins, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress for reprints: Cary W. Akins, MD, Department of Surgery, Cox 648, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114.
    • ,
  • Brandon Travis, PhD

      Affiliations

    • T-Forskning, Skejby Sygehus, Brendstrupgaardsvej, 8200 Ǻrhus N, Denmark
    • ,
  • Ajit P. Yoganathan, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Wallace H. Coulter School of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Ga

Received 14 August 2007 ,Revised 4 December 2007 ,Accepted 18 December 2007.

References 

  1. Gorlin R, Gorlin SG. Hydraulic formula for calculation of the stenotic mitral valve, other cardiac valves, and central circulatory shunts. Am Heart J. 1951;41:1–29
  2. Starr A, Edwards ML. Mitral replacement: clinical experience with a ball-valve prosthesis. Ann Surg. 1961;154:726–740
  3. Harken DE, Soroff HS, Taylor WJ, Lefemine AA, Gupta SK, Lunzer S. Partial and complete prostheses in aortic insufficiency. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1960;40:744–762
  4. Leefe SE, Gentle CR. Theoretical evaluation of energy loss methods in the analysis of prosthetic heart valves. J Biomed Eng. 1987;9:121–127
  5. Heinrich RS, Marcus RH, Ensley AE, Gibson DE, Yoganathan AP. Valve orifice area alone is an insufficient index of aortic stenosis severity: effects of the proximal and distal geometry on transaortic energy loss. J Heart Valve Dis. 1999;8:509–515
  6. Colan SD. Ventricular function in volume overload lesions. In:  Fogel MA editors. Ventricular function and blood flow in congenital heart disease. Philadelphia: Blackwell; 2005;p. 205–222
  7. Colan SD. Ventricular function in pressure overload lesions. In:  Fogel MA editors. Ventricular function and blood flow in congenital heart disease. Philadelphia: Blackwell; 2005;p. 187–204
  8. Baumgartner H, Stefenelli T, Niederberger J, Schima H, Maurer G. “Overestimation” of catheter gradients by Doppler ultrasound in patients with aortic stenosis: a predictable manifestation of pressure recovery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33:1655–1661
  9. Bonow RO, Carabello B, Chatterjee K, de Leon AC, Faxon DP, Freed MD, et al. ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2006;114:e84–e231
  10. Garcia D, Dumesnil JG, Durand L, Kadem L, Pibarot P. Discrepancies between catheter and Doppler estimates of valve effective orifice area can be predicted from the pressure recovery phenomenon. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:435–442
  11. Yoganathan AP, Recusani F, Valdez-Cruz L, Sung HW, Sahn DJ. Oblique flow vectors from dispersing jets produce the velocity overestimation on angle corrected continuous wave Doppler studies: in vitro laser Doppler investigations. Circulation. 1987;76(Suppl IV):355
  12. Voelker W, Reul H, Stelzer T, Schmidt A, Karsch K. Pressure recovery in aortic stenosis: an in vitro study in a pulsatile flow model. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20:1585–1593
  13. Garcia D, Pibarot P, Dumesnil JG, Sakr F, Durand LG. Assessment of aortic valve stenosis severity: a new index based on the energy loss concept. Circulation. 2000;101:765–771
  14. Zoghbi WA, Farmer KL, Soto JG, Nelson JG, Quinones MA. Accurate non-invasive quantification of stenotic aortic valve area by Doppler echocardiography. Circulation. 1986;73:452–459
  15. Scotten L, Walker D, Dutton J. Modified Gorlin equation for the diagnosis of mixed aortic valve pathology. J Heart Valve Dis. 2002;11:360–368
  16. Garcia D, Pibarot P, Durand L. Analytical modelling of the instantaneous pressure gradient across the aortic valve. J Biomech. 2005;38:1303–1311
  17. Gjertsson P, Caidahl K, Svensson G, Wallentin I, Bech-Hanssen O. Important pressure recovery in patients with aortic stenosis and high Doppler gradients. Am J Cardiol. 2001;88:139–144
  18. Gross-Sawicka E, Pringle T, Lipworth B. Aortoseptal angulation and left ventricular hypertrophy pattern: an echocardiographic study in patients with aortic valve stenosis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1991;4:583–588
  19. White R, Obuchowski N, Gunawardena S, Lipchik E, Lever H, Van Dyke C, et al. Aortic inflow tract obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: presurgical and postsurgical evaluation by computed tomography magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Card Imaging. 1996;10:1–13
  20. Come P, Pringle T, Lipworth B. Doppler evidence that true left ventricular to aortic pressure gradients exist in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am Heart J. 1988;5:1253–1261
  21. Askenazi J, Carlson CJ, Alpert JS, Dexter L. Mitral valve area in combined mitral stenosis and regurgitation. Circulation. 1976;54:480–483
  22. Bermejo J, Edreman R, Feijoo J, Moreno MM, Gomez-Moreno P, Garcia-Fernendez MA. Clinical efficacy of Doppler-echocardiographic indices of aortic valve stenosis: a comparative test-based analysis of outcome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:142–151
  23. Tobin JR, Rahimtoola SH, Blundell PE, Swan HJ. Percentage of left ventricular stroke work loss. A simple hemodynamic concept for estimation of severity in valvular aortic stenosis. Circulation. 1967;35:868–879
  24. Oh JK, Taliercio CP, Holmes DR, Reeder GS, Bailey KR, Steward JB, et al. Prediction of the severity of aortic stenosis by Doppler aortic valve area determination: prospective Doppler catheterization correlation in 100 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988;11:1227–1234
  25. Dumesnil JG, Yoganathan AP. Valve prosthesis hemodynamics and the problem of high transprosthetic pressure gradients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1992;6(Suppl 1):S34–S38
  26. Tongue AG, Dumesnil JG, Laforest I, Theriault C, Durand LG, Pibarot P. Left ventricular longitudinal shortening in patients with aortic stenosis: relationship with symptomatic status. J Heart Valve Dis. 2003;12:142–149
  27. MacIsaac AI, McDonald IG, Kirsner RL, Graham SA, Tanzar D. Left ventricular energy in mitral regurgitation: a preliminary report. Aust NZ J Med. 1992;22(Suppl 5):532–540
  28. Teien DE, Jones M, Shiota T, Yamada I, Frithiof D, Sahn DJ. Left ventricular stroke work in mitral regurgitation: an animal experimental study. J Heart Valve Dis. 1997;6:613–620
  29. Mascherbauer J, Schima H, Maurer G, Baumgartner H. Doppler assessment of mechanical aortic valve prostheses: effect of valve design and size of the aorta. J Heart Valve Dis. 2004;13:823–830
  30. Travis BR, Leo HL, Shah PA, Frakes DH, Yoganathan AP. An analysis of turbulent shear stresses in leakage flow through a bileaflet mechanical prostheses. J Biomech Eng. 2002;124:155–165
  31. Stewart SF, Herman BA, Nell DM, Retta SM. Effects of valve characteristics on the accuracy of the Bernoulli equation: a survey of data submitted to the U.S. FDA. J Heart Valve Dis. 2004;13:461–466
  32. Knebel F, Gliech V, Walde T, Eddicks S, Konertz W, Baumann G, et al. High concordance of invasive and echocardiographic mean pressure gradients in patients with a mechanical aortic valve prosthesis. J Heart Valve Dis. 2005;14:332–337
  33. Strüber M, Campbell A, Richard G, Laas J. Hydrodynamic function of tilting disc prostheses and bileaflet valves in double valve replacement. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1996;10:422–427
  34. Yoganathan AP, Travis BR. Fluid dynamics of prosthetic valves. In:  Otto C editors. The practice of clinical echocardiography. 2nd ed.. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2002;p. 50–524
  35. Hartrumph M, Albes JM, Krempl T, Rudolph V, Wahlers T. The hemodynamic performance of a standard bileaflet valve is impaired by a tilted implantation position. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2003;23:283–291
  36. Travis BR, Heinrich RS, Ensley AE, Gibson DE, Hashim S, Yoganathan AP. The hemodynamic effects of mechanical prosthetic valve type and orientation on fluid mechanical energy loss and pressure drop in in vitro models of ventricular hypertrophy. J Heart Valve Dis. 1998;7:345–354
  37. Fisher J. Comparative study of the hydrodynamic function of six size 19 mm bileaflet heart valves. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1995;9:692–696

PII: S0022-5223(08)00465-0

doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.12.059

The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Volume 136, Issue 4 , Pages 820-833 , October 2008

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution