The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Volume 135, Issue 5 , Pages 999-1006 , May 2008

The inflammatory effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on leukocyte extravasation in vivo

  • B.J. Evans, MRCS

      Affiliations

    • British Heart Foundation, the Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
  • ,
  • D.O. Haskard, DM

      Affiliations

    • Cardiovascular Medicine Units, Eric Bywaters Centre, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
  • ,
  • J.R. Finch, MRCS

      Affiliations

    • British Heart Foundation, the Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
  • ,
  • I.R. Hambleton, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Edmund Cohen Laboratory for Vascular Research, Chronic Disease Research Centre, UWI, Bridgetown, Barbados
  • ,
  • R.C. Landis, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Edmund Cohen Laboratory for Vascular Research, Chronic Disease Research Centre, UWI, Bridgetown, Barbados
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress for reprints: Dr. Clive Landis, Edmund Cohen Laboratory for Vascular Research, Chronic Disease Research Centre, UWI, Jemmotts Lane, Bridgetown BB 11115, Barbados
  • ,
  • K.M. Taylor, MD

      Affiliations

    • British Heart Foundation, the Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Received 16 March 2007 ,Revised 22 August 2007 ,Accepted 30 August 2007.

References 

  1. Day JRS, Taylor KM. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome and cardiopulmonary bypass. Int J Surg. 2005;3:129–140
  2. Kalman J, Juhasz A, Bogats G, Babik B, Rimanoczy A, Janka Z, et al. Elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid after coronary artery bypass surgery are predictors of cognitive decline. Neurochem Int. 2006;48:177–180
  3. Ramlawi B, Rudolph JL, Mieno S, Feng J, Boodhwani M, Khabbaz K, et al. C-reactive protein and inflammatory response associated to neurocognitive decline following cardiac surgery. Surgery. 2006;140:221–226
  4. Shann KG, Likosky DS, Murkin JM, Baker RA, Baribeau YR, DeFoe GR, et al. An evidence-based review of the practice of cardiopulmonary bypass in adults: a focus on neurologic injury, glycemic control, hemodilution, and the inflammatory response. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006;132:283–290
  5. Clark WM, Madden KP, Rothlein R, Zivin JA. Reduction of central nervous system ischemic injury in rabbits using leukocyte adhesion antibody treatment. Stroke. 1991;22:877–883
  6. Mori E, del Zoppo GJ, Chambers JD, Copeland BR, Arfors KE. Inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte adherence suppresses no-reflow after focal cerebral ischemia in baboons. Stroke. 1992;23:712–718
  7. Day RM, Harbord M, Forbes A, Segal AW. Cantharidin blisters: a technique for investigating leukocyte trafficking and cytokine production at sites of inflammation in humans. J Immunol Methods. 2001;257:213–220
  8. Honkanen RE. Cantharidin, another natural toxin that inhibits the activity of serine/threonine protein phosphatases types 1 and 2A. FEBS Lett. 1993;330:283–286
  9. Pierard-Franchimont C, Pierard GE. Cantharidin-induced acantholysis. Am J Dermatopathol. 1988;10:419–423
  10. Tromovitch TA. Cantharadin. JAMA. 1971;215:640
  11. Moed L, Shwayder TA, Chang MW. Cantharidin revisited: a blistering defense of an ancient medicine. Arch Dermatol. 2001;137:1357–1360
  12. Philippidis P, Mason JC, Evans BJ, Nadra I, Taylor KM, Haskard DO, et al. Hemoglobin scavenger receptor CD163 mediates interleukin-10 release and heme oxygenase-1 synthesis: antiinflammatory monocyte-macrophage responses in vitro, in resolving skin blisters in vivo, and after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Circ Res. 2004;94:119–126
  13. Evans BJ, McDowall A, Taylor PC, Hogg N, Haskard DO, Landis RC. Shedding of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) in a human inflammatory response. Blood. 2006;107:3593–3599
  14. Gott JP, Cooper WA, Schmidt FE, Brown WM, Wright CE, Merlino JD, et al. Modifying risk for extracorporeal circulation: trial of four antiinflammatory strategies. Ann Thorac Surg. 1998;66:747–753
  15. Hill GE, Alonso A, Spurzem JR, Stammers AH, Robbins RA. Aprotinin and methylprednisolone equally blunt cardiopulmonary bypass-induced inflammation in humans. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995;110:1658–1662
  16. Wachtfogel YT, Kucich U, Hack CE, Gluszko P, Niewiarowski S, Colman RW, et al. Aprotinin inhibits the contact, neutrophil, and platelet activation systems during simulated extracorporeal perfusion. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1993;106:1–9
  17. Buziashvili YI, Ambat'ello SG, Aleksakhina YA, Pashchenkov MV. Influence of cardiopulmonary bypass on the state of cognitive functions in patients with ischemic heart disease. Neurosci Behav Physiol. 2006;36:107–113
  18. Harmon DC, Ghori KG, Eustace NP, O'Callaghan SJ, O'Donnell AP, Shorten GD. Aprotinin decreases the incidence of cognitive deficit following CABG and cardiopulmonary bypass: a pilot randomized controlled study. Can J Anaesth. 2004;51:1002–1009
  19. Asimakopoulos G, Thompson R, Nourshargh S, Lidington EA, Mason JC, Ratnatunga CP, et al. An anti-inflammatory property of aprotinin detected at the level of leukocyte extravasation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000;120:361–369
  20. Asimakopoulos G, Lidington EA, Mason J, Haskard DO, Taylor KM, Landis RC. Effect of aprotinin on endothelial cell activation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001;122:123–128
  21. Pruefer D, Makowski J, Dahm M, Guth S, Oelert H, Darius H, et al. Aprotinin inhibits leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions after hemorrhage and reperfusion. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;75:210–215
  22. Anttila V, Hagino I, Iwata Y, Mettler BA, Lidov HG, Zurakowski D, et al. Aprotinin improves cerebral protection: evidence from a survival porcine model. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006;132:948–953
  23. Asimakopoulos G, Kohn A, Stefanou DC, Haskard DO, Landis RC, Taylor KM. Leukocyte integrin expression in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000;69:1192–1197
  24. Yagnik DR, Evans BJ, Florey O, Mason JC, Landis RC, Haskard DO. Macrophage release of transforming growth factor beta1 during resolution of monosodium urate monohydrate crystal-induced inflammation. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50:2273–2280
  25. Kirkwood BR, Sterne JAC. Transformations. Essential medical statistics. Oxford: Blackwell Science; 2003;p. 118-28
  26. Hill GE, Pohorecki R, Alonso A, Rennard SI, Robbins RA. Aprotinin reduces interleukin-8 production and lung neutrophil accumulation after cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesth Analg. 1996;83:696–700
  27. Nakamura K, Ueno T, Yamamoto H, Iguro Y, Yamada K, Sakata R. Relationship between cerebral injury and inflammatory responses in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Cytokine. 2005;29:95–104
  28. Alat I, Yuksel M, Buket S, Nalbantgil S, Askar F, Bayindir U, et al. The side-effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on the lungs: changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. Perfusion. 2001;16:121–128
  29. Eppinger MJ, Jones ML, Deeb GM, Bolling SF, Ward PA. Pattern of injury and the role of neutrophils in reperfusion injury of rat lung. J Surg Res. 1995;58:713–718
  30. Rinder CS, Rinder HM, Johnson K, Smith M, Lee DL, Tracey J, et al. Role of C3 cleavage in monocyte activation during extracorporeal circulation. Circulation. 1999;100:553–558
  31. Barone FC, Arvin B, White RF, Miller A, Webb CL, Willette RN, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha. A mediator of focal ischemic brain injury. Stroke. 1997;28:1233–1244
  32. Levy JH, Pifarre R, Schaff HV, Horrow JC, Albus R, Spiess B, et al. A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of aprotinin for reducing blood loss and the requirement for donor-blood transfusion in patients undergoing repeat coronary artery bypass grafting. Circulation. 1995;92:2236–2244
  33. Mangano DT, Tudor IC, Dietzel C. The risk associated with aprotinin in cardiac surgery. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:353–365
  34. Mangano DT, Miao Y, Vuylsteke A, Tudor IC, Juneja R, Filipescu D, et al. Mortality associated with aprotinin during 5 years following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. JAMA. 2007;297:471–479

 This study was supported by grants from the British Heart Foundation (D.O.H. and K.M.T) and the Hammersmith Hospitals Trustee's Research Committee (B.J.E. and R.C.L.).

 R. C. Landis reports lecture fees and Grant support from Bayer.

PII: S0022-5223(07)01868-5

doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.08.071

The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Volume 135, Issue 5 , Pages 999-1006 , May 2008