Beck and back: A paradigm change in coronary sinus interventions—pulsatile stretch on intact coronary venous endothelium

Scatter plot of the ejection fraction of control and PICSO group data with an observation period of about 180 minutes. In both groups, the ejection fraction decreases depending on rinsing time (PICSO P < .06; control P < .004). The ejection fraction decrease was not statistically significant between the groups (P = .08). PICSO, Pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion.

Scatter plot of the mean end-diastolic dimension (EDD) of control and PICSO group data with an observation period of about 180 minutes. The mean EDD increases in both groups depending on rinsing time, however without reaching statistical significance. The mean EDD increase was not significantly different in the groups (P = .14). PICSO, Pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion.

Scatter plot of the mean end-systolic dimension (ESD) of control and PICSO group data with an observation period of about 180 minutes. The mean ESD increases in both groups depending on rinsing time, reaching statistical significance only in the control group (P < .03). The mean ESD increase was not significantly different between the groups (P = .21). PICSO, Pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion.

Scatter plot of the end-diastolic volume (EDV) of control and PICSO group data with an observation period of about 180 minutes. The EDV increases in both groups depending on rinsing time, reaching statistical significance in the PICSO group (P < .03). The EDV increase was not significantly different between the groups (P = .11). PICSO, Pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion.

Scatter plot of the end-systolic volume (ESV) of control and PICSO group data with an observation period of about 180 minutes. The ESV increases in both groups depending on rinsing time, reaching statistical significance in the PICSO group (P < .04). The ESV increase was not statistically significant between the groups (P = .18). PICSO, Pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion.

Expression of VEGF mRNA in different specimens of remote, border, and infarcted areas of porcine myocardium. Transient pressurization of the coronary sinus (PICSO†) induces a significant upregulation of VEGF expression compared with controls (†). Student 2-sample t test on log-base-2 transformed data. VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor; PICSO, pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion.

Expression of HO-1 mRNA in different specimens of remote, border, and infarcted areas of porcine myocardium. Transient pressurization of the coronary sinus (PICSO†) induces a significant upregulation of HO-1 expression in the infarcted area compared with controls (†). Student 2-sample t test on log-base-2 transformed data. HO-1, heme oxygenase 1; PICSO, pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion.

Representative electrophoretic mobility shift assay of tissue extracts isolated from remote, border, and infarcted areas of porcine myocardium. PICSO, Pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion.