Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defects and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries: Unifocalization brings no long-term benefits

d'Udekem, Yves; Alphonso, Nelson; Nørgaard, Martin A.; Cochrane, Andrew D.; Grigg, Leeanne E.; Wilkinson, James L.; Brizard, Christian P.

doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2005.07.034

« Previous Next »The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Volume 130, Issue 6 , Pages 1496-1502, December 2005

Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defects and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries: Unifocalization brings no long-term benefits

Read at the Eighty-fifth Annual Meeting of The American Association for Thoracic Surgery, San Francisco, Calif, April 10-13, 2005.

Yves d'Udekem, MD, PhD
- Departments of Cardiac Surgery
- and the Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Address for reprints: Yves d'Udekem, MD, PhD, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Rd, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Victoria, Australia
Nelson Alphonso, MD
- Departments of Cardiac Surgery
Martin A. Nørgaard, MD, DMSc
- Departments of Cardiac Surgery
Andrew D. Cochrane, MD, FRACS
- Departments of Cardiac Surgery
- and the Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
Leeanne E. Grigg, MBBS, FRACP
- Cardiology,
James L. Wilkinson, MB, ChB, FRCP, FRACP
- Royal Children's Hospital, the Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne,
- and the Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
Christian P. Brizard, MD
- Departments of Cardiac Surgery
- and the Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia

Objectives

We sought to evaluate the contribution of unifocalization procedures in the management of patients with pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect, and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries.

Methods

From 1975 through 1995, 82 consecutive patients were entered in a multistage approach and had 189 sternotomies and thoracotomies to perform 119 shunts, 130 major aortopulmonary collateral artery transplantations, and 76 major aortopulmonary collateral artery ligations. The serial angiographies and the follow-up of these patients were reviewed.

Results

The concurrent follow-up rate was 80%. The hospital mortality of the preliminary procedures was 4% (7/189). Fifty-three (65%) patients had a complete repair. The hospital mortality of the repair was 8% (4/53), and 9 late deaths occurred after repair, all of which were cardiac related. The overall survival of all patients to the age of 30 years was 58% ± 7%. Survival 12 years after complete repair was 51% ± 14%. On angiography, central shunts promoted growth of central pulmonary arteries in all cases (29 patients). Sixty unifocalized major aortopulmonary collateral arteries were identified in 31 patients. After a mean of 3.2 ± 4 years, 26 thrombosed, and 12 presented with a stenosis of greater than 50%. Serial measurements of 29 major aortopulmonary collateral arteries showed no signs of growth (P = .25).

Conclusion

Long-term survival into adulthood of patients with pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect, and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries has been achieved with a multistage approach. However, late survival depends exclusively on the growth of the native pulmonary circulation. The few unifocalized major aortopulmonary collateral arteries that did not thrombose failed to grow.

Abbreviations and Acronyms: LV, left ventricular, MAPCA, major aortopulmonary collateral artery, PA, pulmonary artery, RV, right ventricular, TOF, tetralogy of Fallot, VSD, ventricular septal defect