The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Volume 129, Issue 2 , Pages 364-371 , February 2005

NS-7, a novel Na+/Ca2+ channel blocker, prevents neurologic injury after spinal cord ischemia in rabbits

  • Enyi Shi, MD

      Affiliations

    • First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan,
    • Dr Shi is currently affiliated with the Department of Cardiac Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
    • ,
  • Teruhisa Kazui, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan,
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress for reprints: Teruhisa Kazui, MD, PhD, the First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
    • ,
  • Xiaojing Jiang, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Anesthesiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
    • ,
  • Naoki Washiyama, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan,
    • ,
  • Kazuchika Suzuki, MD

      Affiliations

    • First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan,
    • ,
  • Katsushi Yamashita, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan,
    • ,
  • Hitoshi Terada, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan,

Received 2 February 2004 ,Revised 28 April 2004 ,Accepted 6 May 2004.

  • Image Result

    Representative photographs of the lumbar spinal cord sections stained with TTC. Viable tissue is brick red, whereas infracted tissue is pale. White matter is also pale. The specimen from the sham grou

    Representative photographs of the lumbar spinal cord sections stained with TTC. Viable tissue is brick red, whereas infracted tissue is pale. White matter is also pale. The specimen from the sham group (A) shows no infarction in the gray matter, whereas almost the entire anterior horns show infarction in the section from the control group (B). Minimal gray matter infarction is shown in rabbits that received NS-7 before ischemia (C) or at the onset of reperfusion (D).

  • Image Result
    Infarct size of the lumbar spinal cord (mid lumbar level). *P < .05 compared with the control group.

    Infarct size of the lumbar spinal cord (mid lumbar level). *P < .05 compared with the control group.

  • Image Result
    Histologic sections of lumbar spinal cords (mid lumbar). (Original magnification 200×.) No histologic changes are shown in the ventral horns of a sham-operated rabbit (A). The specimen from a control

    Histologic sections of lumbar spinal cords (mid lumbar). (Original magnification 200×.) No histologic changes are shown in the ventral horns of a sham-operated rabbit (A). The specimen from a control animal (B) exhibits eosinophilic neuronal degeneration (arrows), vacuolization, and frank necrosis, whereas animals that received NS-7 before ischemia (C) or at the onset of reperfusion (D) show minimal evidence of cellular damage.

  • Image Result
    Mean histologic scores of ischemic injury at different levels of the spinal cord. LT, Low thoracic; UL, upper lumbar; ML, mid lumbar; LL, low lumbar. *P < .05, #P < .01 compared with the control group

    Mean histologic scores of ischemic injury at different levels of the spinal cord. LT, Low thoracic; UL, upper lumbar; ML, mid lumbar; LL, low lumbar. *P < .05, #P < .01 compared with the control group (Mann-Whitney U tests).

  • Image Result
    TUNEL staining of sections of lumbar spinal cords from rabbits in the sham (A), control (B), and the 2 NS-7–treated groups (C, treatment before ischemia; D, treatment at the onset of reperfusion). (Or

    TUNEL staining of sections of lumbar spinal cords from rabbits in the sham (A), control (B), and the 2 NS-7–treated groups (C, treatment before ischemia; D, treatment at the onset of reperfusion). (Original magnification 200×.) Arrows show the TUNEL-positive motor neuron cells.

  • Image Result
    Number of TUNEL-positive motor neurons of spinal cords (mid lumbar level) 48 hours after ischemia. *P < .05 compared with the control group.

    Number of TUNEL-positive motor neurons of spinal cords (mid lumbar level) 48 hours after ischemia. *P < .05 compared with the control group.

☆ Supported by the Grand-in-Aid for Scientific Research in Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (no. 15591469).

PII: S0022-5223(04)00764-0

doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.05.006

The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Volume 129, Issue 2 , Pages 364-371 , February 2005

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