The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Volume 128, Issue 4 , Pages 595-601 , October 2004

Homozygous deletion of early growth response 1 gene and critical limb ischemia after vascular ligation in mice: Evidence for a central role in vascular homeostasis

  • Paul Schalch, MD

      Affiliations

    • Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, Ill, USA
    • ,
  • Gerald Patejunas, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, Ill, USA
    • ,
  • Mauricio Retuerto, MA

      Affiliations

    • Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, Ill, USA
    • ,
  • Sorin Sarateanu, MD

      Affiliations

    • Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, Ill, USA
    • ,
  • Jeffrey Milbrandt, MD

      Affiliations

    • Washington University, St Louis, Mo, USA
    • ,
  • Geeta Thakker, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Lexicon Genetics, Inc, The Woodlands, Tex, USA
    • ,
  • David Kim

      Affiliations

    • Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, Ill, USA
    • ,
  • JoAnn Carbray

      Affiliations

    • Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, Ill, USA
    • ,
  • Ronald G. Crystal, MD

      Affiliations

    • Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
    • ,
  • Todd K. Rosengart, MD

      Affiliations

    • Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, Ill, USA
    • Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress for reprints: Todd K. Rosengart, MD, 2650 Ridge Ave, Burch 100, Evanston, IL 60201, USA

Received 26 November 2003 ,Revised 20 January 2004 ,Accepted 23 February 2004.

References 

  1. Zhang QX, Magovern CJ, Mack CA, Budenbender KT, Ko W, Rosengart TK. Vascular endothelial growth factor is the major angiogenic factor in omentum (mechanism of the omentum-mediated angiogenesis). J Surg Res. 1997;67:147–154
  2. Brogi E, Wu T, Namiki A, Isner JM. Indirect angiogenic cytokines upregulate VEGF and bFGF gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells, whereas hypoxia upregulates VEGF expression only. Circulation. 1994;90:649–652
  3. Li J, Brown LF, Hibberd MG, Grossman JD, Morgan JP, Simons M. VEGF, flk-1, and flt-1 expression in a rat myocardial infarction model of angiogenesis. Am J Physiol. 1996;270(5 Pt 2):H1803–1811
  4. Waltenberger J, Mayr U, Pentz S, Hombach V. Functional upregulation of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor KDR by hypoxia. Circulation. 1996;94:1647–1654
  5. Longlan CJ. The collateral circulation of the limb. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1953;13:161–181
  6. Pasyk S, Schaper W, Schaper J, Pasyk K, Miskiewicz G, Steinseifer B. DNA synthesis in coronary collaterals after coronary artery occlusion in conscious dog. Am J Physiol. 1982;11:H1031–1037
  7. Freedman SB, Isner JM. Therapeutic angiogenesis for coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:54–71
  8. Simons M, Bonow RO, Chronos NA, Cohen DJ, Giordano FJ, Hammond HK, et al.  Clinical trials in coronary angiogenesis (issues, problems, consensus: an expert panel summary). Circulation. 2000;102:E73–86
  9. Ito WD, Arras M, Scholz D, Winkler B, Htun P, Schaper W. Angiogenesis but not collateral growth is associated with ischemia after femoral artery occlusion. Am J Physiol. 1997;42(3 Pt 2):H1255–1265
  10. Deindl E, Buschmann I, Hoefer IE, Podzuweit T, Boengler K, Vogel S, et al.  Role of ischemia and of hypoxia-inducible genes in arteriogenesis after femoral artery occlusion in the rabbit. Circ Res. 2001;89:1–9
  11. Hershey JC, Baskin EP, Glass JD, Hartman HA, Gilberto DB, Rogers IT, et al.  Revascularization in the rabbit hindlimb (dissociation between capillary sprouting and arteriogenesis). Cardiol Res. 2001;49:618–625
  12. Heil M, Clauss M, Suzuki K, Buschmann IR, Willuweit A, Fischer S, et al.  Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates monocyte migration through endothelial monolayers via increased integrin expression. Eur J Cell Biol. 2000;79:850–857
  13. Ito WD, Arras M, Winkler B, Scholz D, Schaper J, Schaper W. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 increases collateral and peripheral conductance after femoral artery occlusion. Circ Res. 1997;80:829–837
  14. Schaper W, Ito WD. Molecular mechanisms of coronary collateral vessel growth. Circ Res. 1996;79:911–919
  15. Carmeliet P. Mechanisms of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis. Nat Med. 2000;6:389–395
  16. Yan SF, Fujita T, Lu J, Okada K, Shan Zou Y, Mackman N, et al.  Egr-1, a master switch coordinating upregulation of divergent gene families underlying ischemic stress. Nat Med. 2000;6:1355–1361
  17. Gashler A, Sukhatme VP. Early growth response protein (EGR-1) (prototype of a zinc-finger family of transcription factors). Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 1995;50:191–224
  18. Khachigian LM, Collins T. Inducible expression of Egr-1-dependent genes (a paradigm of transcriptional activation in vascular endothelium). Circ Res. 1997;81:457–461
  19. Silverman ES, Collins T. Pathways of Egr-1 mediated gene transcription in vascular biology. Am J Pathol. 1999;154:665–670
  20. Braddock M, Schwachtgen JL, Houston P, et al.  Fluid shear stress modulation of gene expression in endothelial cells. Am J Physiol. 1998;13:241–246
  21. Mechtcheriakova D, Schabbauer G, Lucerna M, Clauss M, De Martin R, Binder BR, et al.  Specificity, diversity, and convergence in VEGF and TNF-alpha signaling events leading to tissue factor up-regulation via EGR-1 in endothelial cells. FASEB J. 2001;15:230–242
  22. Lee SL, Sadovsky Y, Swirnoff AH, Polish JA, Goda P, Gavrilina G, et al.  Luteinizing hormone deficiency and female infertility in mice lacking the transcription factor NGFI-A (Egr-1). Science. 1996;273:1219–1221
  23. Tourtellotte WG, Nagarajan R, Auyeung A, Mueller C, Milbrandt J. Infertility associated with incomplete spermatogenic arrest and oligozoospermia in Egr 4-deficient mice. Development. 1999;126:5061–5071
  24. Hersh J, Crystal RG, Bewig BB. Modulation of gene expression after replication deficient recombinant adenovirus-mediated gene transfer by the product of a second adenovirus vector. Hum Gene Ther. 1995;2:124–131
  25. Rosenfeld MA, Yoshimura K, Trapnell BC, Yoneyama K, Rosenthal ER, Dalemans W, et al.  In vivo transfer of the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene to the airway epithelium. Cell. 1992;68:143–155
  26. Magovern CJ, Mack CA, Zhang J, Rosengart TK, Isom OW, Crystal RG. Regional angiogenesis induced in nonischemic tissue by an adenoviral vector expressing vascular endothelial growth factor. Hum Gene Ther. 1997;8:215–227
  27. McCaffrey TA, Fu C, Du B, Eksinar S, Kent KC, Bush H, et al.  High-level expression of Egr-1 and Egr-1-inducible genes in mouse and human atherosclerosis. J Clin Invest. 2000;105:653–662
  28. Hirasawa T, Ohara T, Makino S. Genetic typing of the mouse ob mutation by PCR and restriction enzyme analysis. Exp Anim. 1997;46:75–78
  29. Couffinhal T, Silver M, Zheng LP, Kearney M, Witzenbichler B, Isner JM. Mouse model of angiogenesis. Am J Pathol. 1998;152:1667–1679
  30. Landesberg LJ, Ramalingam R, Lee K, Rosengart TK, Crystal RG. Upregulation of transcription factors in lung in the early phase of postpneumonectomy lung growth. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2001;281:L1138–1149

☆ Supported in part by the National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01 66981, R01HL57318, and R01HL61719), Evanston Northwestern Healthcare Women's Auxiliary Fund (Evanston, Ill), and Gen Vec, Inc (Rockville, Md).

PII: S0022-5223(04)00431-3

doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.02.036

The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Volume 128, Issue 4 , Pages 595-601 , October 2004

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution