The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Volume 125, Issue 1 , Pages 12-19 , January 2003

Beyond Flatland

Read at the Eighty-second Annual Meeting of The American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Washington, DC, May 5-9, 2002.

Received 29 May 2002 ,Accepted 2 July 2002.

  • Image Result

    The visitation of A Sphere through Flatland, perceived by A Square as a circle changing in time. (Illustration from Beyond the Third Dimension: Geometry, Computer Graphics, and Higher Dimension by Tho

    The visitation of A Sphere through Flatland, perceived by A Square as a circle changing in time. (Illustration from Beyond the Third Dimension: Geometry, Computer Graphics, and Higher Dimension by Thomas F. Banchoff, © 1990 by Scientific American Library. Reprinted by permission of Henry Holt and Company, LLC.)

  • Image Result
    Three-dimensional grids of hemi-Fontan circulation combined with bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis (BCPA), lateral tunnel, and extracardiac Fontan circulation. TCPC, Total cavopulmonary connecti

    Three-dimensional grids of hemi-Fontan circulation combined with bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis (BCPA), lateral tunnel, and extracardiac Fontan circulation. TCPC, Total cavopulmonary connection.

  • Image Result
    M.C. Escher's “Dragon.” From Hofstadter DR. Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid. © 2002 Cordon Art B.V. Baarn, Holland. All rights reserved.

    M.C. Escher's “Dragon.” From Hofstadter DR. Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid. © 2002 Cordon Art B.V. Baarn, Holland. All rights reserved.

  • Image Result
    M.C. Escher's “Smaller and Smaller.” From Schattschneider D. M.C. Escher: Visions of Symmetry. © 2002 Cordon Art B.V. Baarn, Holland. All rights reserved.

    M.C. Escher's “Smaller and Smaller.” From Schattschneider D. M.C. Escher: Visions of Symmetry. © 2002 Cordon Art B.V. Baarn, Holland. All rights reserved.

☆ Address for reprints: Marc R. de Leval, MD, FRCS, Cardiothoracic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Great Ormond St, London WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom (E-mail: delevm@gosh.nhs.uk).

☆☆ 0022-5223/2003 $30.00+0

PII: S0022-5223(02)73306-0

doi: 10.1067/mtc.2003.59

The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Volume 125, Issue 1 , Pages 12-19 , January 2003

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